fp-model, fp

Controls the semantics of floating-point calculations.

Syntax

Linux:

-fp-model keyword

macOS:

-fp-model keyword

Windows:

/fp:keyword

Arguments

keyword

Specifies the semantics to be used. Possible values are:

precise

Disables optimizations that are not value-safe on floating-point data and rounds intermediate results to source-defined precision.

fast[=1|2]

Enables more aggressive optimizations on floating-point data.

consistent

The compiler uses default heuristics to determine results for different optimization levels or between different processors of the same architecture.

strict

Enables precise and except, disables contractions, and enables the property that allows modification of the floating-point environment.

source

Rounds intermediate results to source-defined precision.

[no-]except (Linux* and macOS*) or except[-] (Windows* )

Determines whether strict floating-point exception semantics are honored.

Default

-fp-model fast=1
or /fp:fast=1

The compiler uses more aggressive optimizations on floating-point calculations.

Description

This option controls the semantics of floating-point calculations.

The keywords can be considered in groups:

You can specify more than one keyword. However, the following rules apply:

Note

The fp-model fast and fp-model fast=2 options behave differently with ifx and ifort.

With ifort, floating-point compares happen as specified by the IEEE floating-point standard, in that the code sequence generated for them assumes a compare can involve a NaN.

ifx does not generate the check for NaN operands. If you want to use fp-model fast or fp-model fast=2 with ifx and you want NaN compares to match ifort’s behavior, specify option assume nan_compares on the command line.

The floating-point (FP) environment is a collection of registers that control the behavior of FP machine instructions and indicate the current FP status. The floating-point environment may include rounding-mode controls, exception masks, flush-to-zero controls, exception status flags, and other floating-point related features.

Option

Description

-fp-model precise or /fp:precise

Tells the compiler to strictly adhere to value-safe optimizations when implementing floating-point calculations. It disables optimizations that can change the result of floating-point calculations.

These semantics ensure the reproducibility of floating-point computations for serial code, including code vectorized or auto-parallelized by the compiler, but they may slow performance. They do not ensure value safety or run-to-run reproducibility of other parallel code.

Run-to-run reproducibility for floating-point reductions in OpenMP* code may be obtained for a fixed number of threads through the KMP_DETERMINISTIC_REDUCTION environment variable. For more information about this environment variable, see topic "Supported Environment Variables".

The compiler assumes the default floating-point environment; you are not allowed to modify it.

Note that option fp-model precise implies fp-model source and option fp:precise implies fp:source.

Floating-point exception semantics are disabled by default. To enable these semantics, you must also specify -fp-model except or /fp:except.

-fp-model fast[=1|2] or /fp:fast[=1|2]

Tells the compiler to use more aggressive optimizations when implementing floating-point calculations. These optimizations increase speed, but may affect the accuracy or reproducibility of floating-point computations.

Specifying fast is the same as specifying fast=1. fast=2 may produce faster and less accurate results.

fast=2 sets assume nonan_compares for ifx, while it does not for ifort. To get ifort's behavior when compiling with ifx and fast=2, the assume nan_compares option should be explicitly set.

Floating-point exception semantics are disabled by default and they cannot be enabled because you cannot specify fast and except together in the same compilation. To enable exception semantics, you must explicitly specify another keyword (see other keyword descriptions for details).

To enable exception semantics, you must explicitly specify another keyword (see other keyword descriptions for details).

-fp-model consistent or /fp:consistent

The compiler uses default heuristics to generate code that will determine results for different optimization levels or between different processors of the same architecture .

For more information, see the article titled: Consistency of Floating-Point Results using the Intel® Compiler, which is located in https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/consistency-of-floating-point-results-using-the-intel-compiler.html

-fp-model source or /fp:source

This option causes intermediate results to be rounded to the precision defined in the source code. It also implies keyword precise unless it is overridden by a keyword from Group A.

The compiler assumes the default floating-point environment; you are not allowed to modify it.

-fp-model except or /fp:except

Tells the compiler to follow strict floating-point exception semantics.

The -fp-model and /fp options determine the setting for the maximum allowable relative error for math library function results (max-error) if none of the following options are specified (the following options are only available for ifort):

Option -fp-model fast (and /fp:fast) sets option -fimf-precision=medium (/Qimf-precision:medium) and option -fp-model precise (and /fp:precise) implies -fimf-precision=high (and /Qimf-precision:high). Option -fp-model fast=2 (and /fp:fast2) sets option -fimf-precision=medium (and /Qimf-precision:medium) and option -fimf-domain-exclusion=15 (and /Qimf-domain-exclusion=15).

Note

This option cannot be used to change the default (source) precision for the calculation of intermediate results.

Note

In Microsoft* Visual Studio, when you create a Visual Studio* Fortran project, option /fp:fast is set by default. It sets the floating-point model to use more aggressive optimizations when implementing floating-point calculations, which increase speed, but may affect the accuracy or reproducibility of floating-point computations. /fp:fast is the general default for the IDE project property for Floating Point Model.

Product and Performance Information

Performance varies by use, configuration and other factors. Learn more at www.Intel.com/PerformanceIndex.

Notice revision #20201201

IDE Equivalent

Visual Studio: Floating Point > Floating Point Model

Floating Point > Reliable Floating Point Exceptions Model

Alternate Options

None

See Also